John Deere Complex Parts free essay sample

Discovery Communications, Inc. is a company that has adopted a new technological advancement in their workflow by implementing knowledge management systems. Discovery Communications is the world’s number one nonfiction media company servicing its consumers with real-world content through documentaries and television programs (Overview Mission, 2012). The company has adopted the new knowledge management system in order to streamline their system of collecting, transferring, securing and managing the company’s information. What legal issues, if any, might be involved in NOSC’s proposal? The companies that were involved in the development of Discovery Communications, Inc. were Carefree Technologies, Lotus Domino Document Manger system, WebSphere Portal, and LexisNexis. Carefree Technologies, which is an IBM partner company, was brought on by Discovery Communications, Inc. to assist with their document management system and help with the tedious and cumbersome tasks of the company’s personnel (National University, 2009). Carefree Technologies enabled the Lotus Domino Document Manger system to centralize and streamline the process of document creation, filing, management and retrieval of information. We will write a custom essay sample on John Deere Complex Parts or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Carefree Technologies also enlisted the use of Web-Sphere to act as a web-based interface for the documents now managed by Lotus Domino Document Manager system to allow Carefree Technologies to customize the knowledge management system to cater to the company’s needs. This new web-based interface allows the company to create a portal which is a central location, a webpage, which provides access to commonly used information systems and communication tools. With the use of this portal, LexisNexis is able to be used by employees to keep informed with the latest news and technologies. Carefree Technologies was able to give the company access to other portal services that allows the personnel to track and manage the television production process and easily permit them to do the once tedious task of accessing documents. What are the ethical issues involved in NOSC’s proposal? The corporate portal was designed so that the company could easily have access to information systems and communication tools. Carefree Technologies enabled this portal so that the employees could have access to the web-based interface which would track the documents. This portal however opened up the opportunity for the company to merge the document management system with other portal services such as news, information and communications tools. This allows the employees to track their processes and locate any documents as they are now available through the knowledge management system. The system also provides the employees with the opportunity to utilize links to external website and news services with the use of LexisNexis. Lastly, the corporate portal allows the Discovery Communications, Inc. staff to communicate within the company with the use of instant messaging and company conferencing. Is this a true a partnering agreement? Discuss. Knowledge management is extremely popular and important today. Most companies will utilize knowledge management as a way of managing and tracking information within their business. This management system is put into place so the company can produce positive performance. This positive performance comes in many different ways. In response to many environmental changes and advances in the procession of information, companies will need the use of knowledge management to keep a competitive advantage (Niu, 2008). Companies have adapted to today’s changing environment by adopting these knowledge management systems to differentiate themselves from their competitors. These systems can allow companies to manage their assets and innovate and cooperate more effectively (Niu, 2008). The superior capabilities of knowledge management systems provide an opportunity for the business to engage the most effective components and recognize the importance of communication to make informed, accurate decisions (McGrath, 2001). This system can organize the company’s knowledge resources, knowledge obtaining, organizing, and applying to make a sound routine the will enforce effectiveness (Niu, 2008). The dynamic function of knowledge management to create, capture, and apply knowledge to achieve an organization’s objective will allow them to be more profitable and successful (Zucker, 1986). In addition to increasing profits, the system can be also used to reduce costs and enhance research and development (DeTienne Jackson, 2001). With all of these advantages, it would be wasteful for a company to not employ knowledge management. As seen in the Discovery Communications, Inc. example, the company can attribute their new productivity levels and increase in ease of securing documents to the knowledge management system that put into place by Carefree Technology. Like Discovery Communications, Inc. , knowledge management is so popular today because companies can collect, process and share knowledge to ignite employees creativity which in turn will make the business grow. Wenhong and Jianhua (2009) explained the core of knowledge management is to convert company’s knowledge resources into an increased company corporate competitiveness by fully exploring, accumulating and using the company’s knowledge resources. How should Mr. Ashby analyze the proposal? Discovery Communications, Inc. has made many steps to move towards organizing their millions of documents. Hiring Carefree Technology and installing the system of digitalizing their documents and creating an online presence was some of the most important of all the steps. Some of the most arduous tasks for Discovery Communications, Inc.  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s employees were obtaining the millions of documents as the papers were stored in various locations. The time consuming task was also cumbersome because once the employees found the documents, there was no way to tell if the documents were current. This new knowledge management system provided the company an opportunity to access these needed documents from any location and be aware if the items were up to date and the appropriate materials needed. The retrieval of documents in this new document management system will end up being the most beneficial for the company. By saving time and integrating a more efficient system of storing documents, the company is allowing its workers to save time. By taking away from the time they usually spent searching for documents, employees can now put forth their efforts into other tasks to help improve the company and their mission. The company can now attribute their reduced operating costs, their increased competitive advantage, their enhanced regulatory compliance, and their improved customer service to the enhanced document management system. It has been said that 90 percent of senior executives claim that their document management system has helped them improve their business performance (Survey, 2008). The ability the company now has to track the documents, where they are and where they are going, places accountability on the company’s employees. Documents have less of chance of becoming lost or misplaced among the processes with this new system because of the accountability. In organizing Discovery Communications, Inc.’s documents, now more people can be included on the workflow of documents without wasting or creating extra time. Digitalizing the documents allows the business to save on paper copies, which makes transferring documents much more efficient (American Behavioral, 2010). With the implementation and practice of Carefree Technology and its affiliates, Discovery Communications, Inc. will be able to run its company and its document sharing and retrieval more efficiently and increase the moral of its company by improving its process.

Computer Science Research Paper Topics

Computer Science Research Paper Topics Today the world runs on computers and the demand for qualified personnel is endless. As a result, universities present Computer Science degrees to equip the students for their careers. Computer science is a challenging subject to study. Students face problems when writing Computer science papers coupled with all the other tasks they have do as well. Often they do not know where to begin with their papers. Computer science is a broad field, which requires students to have a lot of knowledge in a wide variety of subjects, and these are mostly complex and detailed. The student must not only know theoretical descriptions of the subject but also programming and other details related to the subject. Collection of data, going through it, filtering the relevant points, adding authorial comments, researching and other tasks is all very demanding. Therefore when writing a computer science paper the important part is choosing the topic. Alternatively, if you are given a topic to be able to rese arch it and present it in a professional way. This takes skill. There are some popular computer science research paper topics. The choices are many and here are some you could consider working with: Programming is a field all on its own. It is basically dealing with how you can write your own programs. You would need to narrow it down. Computer language is a field of importance. Anyone studying computer science will be introduced to the fact that computers use their own language. Again it provides a good topic to research. Software is the very essence that enables a computer to function. The machine without software is useless. The software field covers a wide variety of choice for topics. Hardware is the whole other side of computing. The design and building of hardware compatible to the developing software is vital. Computers come in a variety of kinds and functions. They come as PCs and laptops used in homes and small businesses. They stand alone or can be networked. Others control and assist pilots to fly jets, captains to sail ships or use submarines, launch weapons systems. Computers are used in space exploration and in medical treatments. The list of topics is plentiful, with the main difficulty of choosing topics narrow enough. Computer science papers need to be written with skill to be able to get good grades. Many students realize they need qualified assistance and turn to online professional academic services. If you do then you will receive personal attention. Our writers will choose your topic and write a high quality Computer Science research paper for you. It will be original, use sound relevant and up to date information. It is guaranteed to be plagiarism free and our prices are affordable. All you need to do is place your order on our site and we will do the rest.

Climate change and adaptation and mitigation Essay

Climate change and adaptation and mitigation - Essay Example s of carbon dioxide have increased from a pre- industrial value of 278 to 385 parts per million in 2008, and the average global temperatures rose by 0.74 degree Celsius. In line with scientists, this is the fastest and largest warming trend they have been able to distinguish in history. With the increase in temperatures, the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change shows that the rate of recurrence of severe events such as those of heat values, drought and heavy rainfall will increase, negatively affecting agriculture, forests, bio diversity, water resources, industry, human health and settlements. Higher temperatures are predicted to raise sea level (Karling, 2001). This will be an outcome of thermal expansion of oceans and melting of mountain glaciers and ice caps together with portions of green land and Antarctic ice sheets (Hardy, 2003). In addition, amplified concentration of atmosphere carbon dioxide is causing oceans to become more acidic threatening viability of aquatic life. This concentration will not fully disperse for thousands of years. The need for action progressively grows more urgent. Basic hypothesis, climate model simulation and empirical evidence all approve that warmer climates, due to water vapor that increases result in more intense precipitation events even when the total annual precipitation reduces to some extent, and with predictions for even stronger events when the general precipitation amounts increase. The warmer climate thus increases risks of both drought and floods but at different places and times. For example, the summer of 2002 in Europe brought prevalent floods, however, later in 2003 heat waves and, drought followed which created a historic record. The distribution and programming of floods and droughts is most intensely affected by the sequence of El Nià ±o events, principally in the tropics and over considerable mid-latitudes of Pacific-rim countries (Hardy, 2003). Adaptation to climate change is a reaction

A Simulated Research Study Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A Simulated Study - Research Paper Example This data is clustered monthly, giving 60 data sets. The analysis will determine the descriptive statistics for the two sets of share data, determine the correlation and regression between the data and use a t-test to test for significance. Finally, the paper will explain the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for the two sets of data. The first part of the paper will present an introduction to the two companies and provide an overview of the statistical techniques to be used. The paper will then provide an explanation for the methods used in collecting the data, after which the methodology for the paper is explained. The paper will then present the results of the analysis, followed by an analysis of each statistic in the summary outputs presented in the paper. Table of Contents Name i Abstract ii Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Data Collection 3 Data Analysis 4 Results 5 Descriptive Statistics 5 Correlation 6 Regression 6 T-test 7 ANOVA 7 Discussion 8 Introduction The sof t drinks industry is an industry that has the biggest competitive presence in the global industry. Currently, the industry is dominated by two main players; The Coca Cola Company and Pepsi Company Limited. These two companies operate in the global market, and are known to be the biggest companies in the soft drinks market. ... The comparison of the two companies’ share prices will also help in determining the relationship between the share prices of the two companies, whether the change in share prices for the two companies are in any way related. In this case, a set of descriptive statistics will be used to determine whether either company is better than the other. This analysis will also determine the correlation between the operations of the two companies, the regression between their share prices, a t-test to test for independence and an analysis of variance (ANOVA). These tests will help in determining the relationship between the share prices of the two companies and the performance of each company in relation to the other. Since the two companies are competitors, it is expected that one company performs better than the other company, but that their prices be positively correlated since they operate in the same industry, so are mostly affected by the same factors. Methodology Data Collection A s already stated, the company will be done using share prices for Coca Cola and PepsiCo for the last five years of operations. The data for this simulated research study will be collected from Yahoo! Finance, where the date collected will be monthly data from 2007 to 2012. The data will be collected from May 1, 2007 to May 1, 2012, which gives 61 data sets for each company. The use of 61 data points is done to avoid short-term effects of market interplay factors like unexpected events in the financial periods of each company. The data collected for each company is displayed in the following table: Date Coke Pepsi Date Coke Pepsi 5/1/2007 50.32 59.25 11/2/2009 45.32 57.67 6/1/2007 45.72 56.54 12/1/2009 51.71 56.75 7/2/2007 47.36

The Nature of class relations in 1880s Canada Essay Example for Free

The Nature of class relations in 1880s Canada Essay In Canada, the response to industrial capitalism was evident between the year 1867 and 1892 by the Toronto workers. The exercise began in the late 1960s at the Toronto University. In North America Universities this period was very exciting whereby many of them accepted the dogmas and came under vigorous re-examination. However, the history of Canadian was one of the disciplines which did not address the question of the events which were prevailing by that time. The Canadian traditional histography had been very narrow until the times of leader Harold Innis who came up with considerable useful system of work on the political economy of Canadians.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Class was one among the factors which had been completely ignored by Canadian historical writing. Although there was a great value of historian sources, the work was somehow antiquarian and also indicated a conservative methodology. Involved in the list of the generalization’s list were political economists like Eugene Forsey and Logan both whom had restrictions towards the study of the working class in narrow sense of institution. The essence for account of the working class in Canadian which was a new approach in history and methodological innovations which was very apparent. After several studies, it indicated that a community study seemed to be the place by then to start reconstruction of Canadian working class experience. The main reason of choosing the Toronto city was due to its economic importance and also its key role in development of the earliest labor movements. Toronto workers who used to live in Ontario’s leading city were among the first group to experience the industrial revolution to join Unions of Institutions so as to create the city labor centre and also to national labor organizations. More so, Toronto proved to the especially to the rich that it had achieved holdings pertinent to the studies which were proposed (Alexander 1962, p. 43).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the nineteenth century the city’s press was very vibrant and also well preserved. It had very well maintained trade union records and the other materials of work. The city also had a very lively labor press where much of it was still extant. The essence of choosing the period of the nineteenth century was to capture the Toronto’s working class at its conception. The establishment of the class relations lay in the workers and industrialization’s response to that process. Such was a study of the interaction of economic transformation and the emerging working class that both of them shaped and was on the other hand shaped by the new class. The emergence of trade unionism, the struggle for shorter hours in the 1870s, the surge of oppositional cultures based on the knights of labor in the years of 1880s and the establishment of institutional framework for movements of trade unions lay during this period.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Important new organizations were created from the development of the working class. To achieve the full analysis, it required that the placement of the economic transformation context and cultural adaptations which were denied to them by the institutional labor history. In the decade of 1880s, the industrial conservative and industrial expansion ruled not on even a single important measure on behalf of industrial workers which was placed upon Dominion’s book of statute. In 1889, the government passed measures which had no division and in turn removed the afforded protection by the Act of 1872. Also, the same regulation in the labor interest was declared but for this case, by the provinces. According to Armstrong report, it states that Armstrong was primarily an employee in the Toronto daily meal since 1872. He later became a leader in one of unions. He was later appointed to head an investigation committee whereby he analyzed the membership in terms of eligibility, reliability and other past records. He ensured promotion of the female organizations in terms of labor and rated their wages according to the work completed. In his report, he stressed that childhood labor should have very tough laws in its enforcement. He recommended that, boards of arbitration should deal and handle cases and disputes of the workers who complain about long working hours. To this case, he recommended for shortening of the long and exploitative hours. He further suggested that all Canadian laborers or workmen should have proper compensation which should be fully supported by the union. Contrary to that, he was however opposed by all other private agencies that offered employment services. http://www.books.google.com/books?isbn=0802039987   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to the testimony of A W. Wright, he testified for the Son of Man who is against the offspring of prediction. It stresses on setting for the father and obedience to God’s elect, testified by the month of he lord, angles and men. With a true discovery of a bundle of equivocations, confusions and hypocrisy in those who term themselves as preachers and to the light with all men. Richard Dennis he argues that in Canada, exists a long history of suburban working class settlement. However, the conditions have improved. The workers in suburban once lived at the frontier line of the urban economy, after 1945, they occupied a more standardized and financial subdivisions, they became apart and parcel of its consumer apotheosis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There has been a noted variation in working conditions across different trades. For instance, when compared to Canada, the trade union membership in Australian grew dramatically. Comparative analysis of to steel and iron plants in Australia and Canada there was a broad union growth in a five time. One firm was locate at New South Wales while the other at Sydney. The workers at both firms unionized and the union of the Sydney firm collapsed due to strike. The union of steel and iron did not revive at the Sydney Firm until the time of World War I. with the exception of a brief period, steel and iron unionism continued under examination at the lith grow plant. The ideas of employers about the proper economic relations and their power in the workplace varied from a location to another according to different writers. Their suggestions included the problems which were encountered in the service employee international unions which needed to be addressed. They also suggests that many of the issues that would not be resolved without the unions establishment. There was a need to blow up the worse unions before fixing them incrementally as a result to dysfunctional unions. Improper distribution of the enough money in the economy was the main problem. There was also a suggestion that the people should be independent and be able to provide for themselves. There was attacked to the major organizations through their way of exploiting their workers in cutting their benefits. To most of the workers, there was the idea of benefiting from the employees because this drastically raised their incomes in the workplace. After industrialization in Canada, most of the employees were forked to join the trade union. As a result majority were affected by the laid down regulations like termination of child labor and standardization of wages and salaries as they were used to exploitation. Their powers in the work place was adversely reduce because they were forced to abide to the unions rules had limited powers in the workplace (Alexander 1962, p 66).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before the industrialization in Canada, the employees had negative attitudes towards the labor organizations. Such included low organization in preventive measures while at work among other risky and exploitative measures.   Immediately after the industrialization was put in place, there was mobilization in formal sector. There was also appeal to the government for provision of welfare benefits. According to study, neoliberal reform surprisingly had opened up new channels for the informal workers which contributed them as a class. The employers also put more emphasis to organization and improvement of the workers conditions of safety in the workplace. Due to along period of exploitation and intimation in the work place before Canada’s industrialization, the employees reviewed themselves as devaluated in the workplace. Their rights were not considered, for instance through working for long hours and paid very little money, working under danger situations without protection among other work threats. After industrialization in 1880s, the employees were better placed because most of their problems were addressed in the international union guide. It protected their rights in payments according to the work done, ensured provision of protective measures while at work for instance when working in mines and mills among many. Most of the employees in America joined trade unions just as their colleagues did elsewhere. This caused eruption of strikes. For instance, some worked out of the American Railway Union’s in protest of the Pullman Company’s treatment of its operatives because violent. Majority showed a little or no desire in reduction of employment hours. In the real sense, the unions formed served to boost their wages and also improved their working conditions. Their sporting events, dinner, lectures and others enhanced their quality of life. Also the well developed insurance plans enabled the vagaries of life to be very manageable. As a result of the social role being more in evidence in the membership’s daily experience than were the Union’s economic responsibilities, many employees were drawn to knight labor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The knights of labor was a good representation of a significant experience in the phase of Canadian working class formation. This was the group of renegade intellectuals who brought the labor questions into federal and provincial politics. They aimed at articulating labor’s struggles. However, it faced many challenges for instance the employee resistance, the 1880’s economic crisis and trade unions which opposed an internal divisions. Most of the members of knights of labor were usually wave earners who could work for long hours in very hazardous conditions. They lived in utter poverty whereby their dwellings were tenants and hovels, their wages however were too little even to cater for their necessities. On the other hand the knights were highly cooperatives which practiced state ownership of all the public utilities they believe in sincerity and honesty of all the members. They were neatly knit together and maintained secret of order. Consequently, they together created a movement culture of alternative, potential social and cultural difficulties. This was the main reason why some workers were drawn to the knights’ labor. Various groups approach in the subject of women and children labor. Before 1880, the women labor force was endless and very diverse. Some of jobs include helping the men in the fields at planting and harvesting times among other household duties. According to Colonial theory, a woman was by no means a weak culture at the beginning of the 19th century, the industrialization in market place began and also the flowering of capitalism. The change established new hierarchies for work between unpaid and paid labor. This was because of absorption of large numbers of men where some women were involved in work or wages outside their homes. In 1880s, although most of women in working class worked outside their homes, there was still a notion by middle class society that the woman’s place was the home where the work had less value. Although the number of women workers in paid labor force raised in percentage from 23.7 percent to 26.3 percent between 1880 and 1920 the total women working number tripled. Due to this, the society accepted the fact that women should work and should do so having their reputations ruined. Although their number increased, this was not nearly significantly as the shift in the occupations. This however left the laws status of women in the work force unchanged. For the case of children’s labor, according to many of the writers, many children were involved in work place. The opportunity of paid employment widened the minority of children not attending schools. Due to Canada’s industrialization and urbanization new children jobs become available especially in Montrà ©al textile mills, Cape Breton and BC mines, Hamilton and also in small manufacturing enterprises. As a result, several conditions combined to end child labor in Canada. This was due to most of the jobs being dead end and poorly paid mineral jobs which led no advancement opportunities. Consequently, by the end of 1980, a large number of children under the age of 14 had been excluded from mines and factory employment. There was a great depression when many adults sought some of the jobs formally done by children hence the children were forced back to school (Alexander 1962, p.98). According to the Freed report, which basically gave 10 years, outlook of the Canadians labor market between the periods of 2004 to 2003, the Freed’s report articulated to the views of employers who attained the sustainable economic growth. This resulted from utilization of high skilled labor due to educational standards of Canada’s labor force which had kept pace with the skilled demand. Also the low skilled occupations had been created. For the medium term, employment growth was determined by demographic development and economy which reduced employment rate through creation of slow and sustained growth. The difference between Armstrong’s report and Freed’s report was that with Armstrong, there was analyzation of membership reliability, eligibility and prevention of child labor. It also considered the unpaid working hours and advocated for rectification. It also ensured union’s support in workplace. For Freeds, it only stressed on better skills which can improve the outcome in occupations. Training for career was his most requirements to venture in to any workplace so as to growth in economy. Reference. Alexander R, (1962). Labor Relations in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. New York.

Fuel Systems :: essays research papers

Fuel Systems In this report I will explain the fuel systems in an automobile. I will cover different parts and how they work. First thing to do is explain how the fuel system works. The purpose of the fuel system is to store and supply fuel to the cylinder chamber where it can be mixed with air then vaporized and burned to produce energy. The fuel, which can be either gas or diesel is stored in a fuel tank. A fuel pump draws the fuel from the gas tank through lines and brings it through a fuel filter. Next it goes to either a carburetor or fuel injector and then delivered to the cylinder chamber for combustion. We will start with the fuel tank. A fuel tank comes in many different sizes depending on how much space is available. Most cars and trucks have only one tank but some trucks have two. Fuel tanks can be made of 3 different things. These are pressed corrosion-resistant steel, aluminum, or molded reinforced polyethylene plastic. The fuel tank has internal baffles or surge plates to prevent the fuel from sloshing back and forth. If you hear splashing in the tank on acceleration or deceleration, this means that the baffles could be broken. All tanks have a fuel filler pipe, a fuel outlet line to the engine and a vent system. All catalytic converter cars are equipped with a filler pipe restrictor so that leaded fuel, which is dispensed from a thicker nozzle, cannot be introduced into the fuel system. All modern fuel tanks include devices that prevent vapors from leaving the tank. All fuel tank designs provide some control of fuel height when the tank is filled. This is achieved by using ve nt lings within the filler tube or tank. With this design only 90% of the tank is ever full, leaving 10% for expansion. Some vehicles have a over filling limiting valve to prevent overfilling of the tank. Fuel is drawn from the tank by an in-tank or chassis-mounted fuel pump. The fuel pump is the device that draws the fuel from the fuel tank through the fuel lines, to the fuel filter and then to the engine’s carburetor or injectors. There are two types of fuel pumps: mechanical and electrical. The mechanical fuel pump is bolted on the side of the engine block or on the side of the cover of the timing gear.

Misconceptions Among Muslim Essay

This is the biggest misconception about Islam, no doubt resulting from the constant stereotyping and bashing the media gives Islam. When a gunman attacks a mosque in the name of Judaism, a Catholic IRA guerrilla sets off a bomb in an urban area, or Serbian Orthodox militiamen rape and kill innocent Muslim civilians, these acts are not used to stereotype an entire faith. Never are these acts attributed to the religion of the perpetrators. Yet how many times have we heard the words ‘Islamic, Muslim fundamentalist, etc.’ linked with violence. Many people use the name of religions for their own purposes. One should consult the source of Islam and separate what the true religion of Islam says from what is portrayed in the media. Islam literally means ‘submission to Allah’ and is derived from a root word meaning ‘peace’. Islam may seem exotic or even extreme in the modern world. Perhaps this is because religion doesn’t dominate everyday life in the West, whereas Islam is considered a ‘way of life’ for Muslims and they make no division between secular and sacred in their lives. Like Christianity, Islam permits fighting in self-defence, in defence of religion, or on the part of those who have been expelled forcibly from their homes. It lays down strict rules of combat, which include prohibitions against harming civilians and against destroying crops, trees and livestock. Nowhere does Islam enjoin the killing of innocents. The Quran says: {Fight in the cause of Allah against those who fight you, but do not transgress limits. Allah does not love transgressors} (Quran 2:190), {If they seek peace, then seek you peace. And trust in Allah for He is the One that heareth and knoweth all things} (Quran 8:61) War, therefore, is the last resort, and is subject to the rigorous conditions laid down by the sacred law. The term ‘jihad’ literally means ‘struggle’. Muslims believe that there are two kinds of jihad. The other ‘jihad’ is the inner struggle of the soul, which everyone wages against egotistic desires for the sake of attaining inner peace.