Causes of The Stono Revolt - 724 Words

The morning of Sunday, September 9, 1939 went down in history because of the events that began. It was a day that marked the beginning of the largest slave rebellion in British North America. What was the name of this rebellion? It was the Stono Revolt. According to (†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦) twenty slaves (the exact number is unknown) attacked the Hutchenson’s near the Stono River, beheaded the storekeeper, seized weapons, and started matching towards Florida. This owes to the reality that freedom had been promised by Spanish at St. Augustine. More slaves joined the rebellion and killed almost twenty-five whites before a British militia quashed the rebellion. Historians like Hofer (2010) and Rodriguez (2007) have different explanations for the causes of this revolt. This paper analyzes two reasons for the Stono revolt by explaining how they are different, evaluating, describing, and interpreting the reasons. To begin with, Hofer (2010) argues that the main reason for the Stono was a promise from the Spanish King. The author asserts that the King of Spain had promised freedom and protection to all fugitive slaves. Consequently, slaves belonging to Captain Davies escaped to Augustine where they were received as promised. Other slaves belonging to Captain Macpherson ran away with an advantage of having knowledge of the terrain to Augustine. They too, were received with honor and praise. In fact, Shuler (2009) asserts that one of them was given a velvet coat. The news of warm reception of slaves (atShow MoreRelatedForms Of Resistance : Rebellion1312 Words   |  6 Pages(Foner;Garraty). Perhaps one of the most prolific and impactful forms of resistance to slavery were the numerous rebellions and revolts (Foner;Garraty). Although many revolts were put down quickly after their initiation, a select few significant political effects. The Gloucester Conspiracy, the South Carolina â€Å"Stono Re bellion†, and Nat Turner’s Rebellion in Virginia each was able to cause an impact by putting fear into slave owners, and directing attention towards the emotional feelings of slaves. Not manyRead MoreEssay on Major Slave Rebellions of the South1314 Words   |  6 PagesSlaves in the south rebelled and revolted against their owners many times; however, these efforts were often suppressed. Although most revolts ended in failure, some did impact the feelings of slavemasters, and unfortunately, worsened their living conditions. Throughout American history, the most notable and significant slave rebellions in the south were The Stono Rebellion, The Vesey Rebellion, and The Nat Turner Rebellion. These rebellions were influential because the perspective of slaveownersRead MoreThe South Carolina Pre Revolutionary Stono Rebellion1722 Words   |  7 Pages The South Carolina pre-revolutionary Stono Rebellion led to many different forms of reactions from the people in colonial South Carolina. It can be characterized as that of a further dark future for the slaves, while creating more fear and discontent for the white citizens of the area. The revolts output created attitudes that led to the American revolution for whites, while creating the harsh and negative attitudes displayed toward blacks which we still see today. The repercussions created a greaterRead MoreBlack Majority Book Review805 Words   |  4 Pagessocial history examining the cause and effects, both explicit and implicit, of the black majority that emerged in colonial South Carolina. His study spans the time period from the settlement of Carolina through the Stono Rebellion, which took place in 1739. He also takes into consideration and examines certain events that took place in the years immediately preceding the settlement of 1670, as well as those that immediately fol lowed, as a direct result of, the Stono Rebellion and their respectiveRead MoreThe New Way Of Economic Stability1127 Words   |  5 Pagescompletely transformed the society as a whole. Growing tobacco requires a lot of time and energy so the colonists requested the need for assistance. As a result, the Virginia Company transported ironworkers and other skilled craftsman to help the labor cause and to diversify the colonies economy. In late August 1619, a Dutch ship brought Africans to the English colony to be used to help saturate the demand for labor. The colonists did not label these Africans as slaves, rather as servants who would beRead MoreThe African Of African Descent1400 Words   |  6 Pagesbecomes clear that the enslaved people should fight for their liberty in even the smallest of ways, although large-scale slave rebellions were most common in areas where slaves outnumbered the enslavers. These large-scale rebellions include the famous Stono rebellion, which took place in 1739, the Haitian Revolution of the year 1791, and the 1733 slave insurrection on the island of Saint John. The 1733 rebellion of Saint John’s population of slaves was started on November 23, 1733. Slaves infiltratedRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation1746 Words   |  7 PagesAfricans. The color of the prisoner was a vital characteristic that was used to decide their future during combat. For the next few centuries, slaves were sold, traded, and kidnapped between slave owners. Slavery eventually became one of the leading causes of America’s bloody Civil War, impacting the United States’ history forever. Great Awakening The Great Awakening refers to the religious revival that became widespread across the thirteen colonies for over nearly twenty years. Between the 1720s andRead MoreHistory Of Tobacco During The Colonial Period1505 Words   |  7 Pagesand his men were named rebels. Bacon’s revolt then evolved from an unauthorized attack on the natives to a military charge towards the established colonial government. Bacon led his army to attack Jamestown twice and the second time he burned the city and drove the governor to exile. Bacon was on the verge of taking control of Virginia, but he instead died of dysentery, allowing the original leaders to take back control. (b). One way in which Bacon’s revolt was the greatest threat to authorityRead MoreThe Diverse Forms Of Slave Resistance And Rebellion3083 Words   |  13 Pagesor bought as commodity, besides slaves could be deprived of rights and interests randomly by the slaveholder. Endurance of overloaded work and poor treatment seemed like endless alongside with maltreat and punishment, forced the indignant slaves to revolt against both the master and the unjust institution, whether there would be brutal repression. During the vigorous slavery abolition, the continuous strike of numerous slaves’ resistance and rebellion had been indispensable and irreplaceable. EverydayRead MoreLiberty Is The State Of Being Free Within Society954 Words   |  4 Pagespeople did not experience freedom or liberty in their lifetime, they desired it greatly and fought hard to secure a better life than theirs for the future of their children and families. The way they fought back against slavery was through slave revolts, runaway slaves, and ordinary acts of resistance. It was very ironic that while American colonists were trying to gain independence from Great Britain and establish themselves as a new nation with equal rights to all people, that they still did

Buddhism A Spiritual Path - 1773 Words

Are you ready to meet the religion who charted a priceless, complete, commonsensical guide to true happiness? Today, large numbers of men and women from diverse backgrounds throughout our world are following the Teachings of the Buddha. So what is Buddhism? Buddhism is the religion of a spiritual path, followed into enlightenment through the conquering of one’s knowing desires. Buddhism takes you on a spiritual journey, to become one with the soul. It teaches one how to comprehend life’s mysteries, and to cope with them. Buddhism is not only an ancient belief, but its mythical origins, major practices and legal concepts are what build this 2,500 year old religion. There are many myths on how Buddhism started. One of them is based on the main god which is Siddhartha Gautama. Siddhartha also known as the Buddha â€Å"the awakened one†. He was the leader of a sect of vagrant ascetics, one of many sects which was very well known in India. Siddhartha is a Sanskrit personal name which means, he who achieves his goal. Siddhartha was born and raised in India in a rich palace. His father demanded that he must be separated from the rest of the sick world that surrounded him. As Siddhartha continued living in the luxury of his palace and separated from the world, he grew restless inside his walls. At the age of twenty-nine he decides to leave his wealth and family to find answers to his questions. He then began to practice the austerities and self-mortifications practiced. He began toShow MoreRelatedBuddhism Is A Path Of Spiritual Development Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pagesvariety of traditions, which are closely related and share some common themes but does not form a unified set of practices and beliefs. Hinduism does not share the same organized system of beliefs within their community. On the other hand, Buddhism is a path of spiritual development leading to the true nature of reality. Buddhist like to practice the art of meditation, in which one changes himself to develop the qualities of wisdom, awareness, and kindness. My experiences being immersed within both groupsRead MoreBuddhism Is A Path Of Spiritual Development And The True Nature Of Reality1419 Words   |  6 PagesBuddhism, as a religion is an intricate and sometimes complicated set of practices and doctrines. Originating in India by Buddha, the philosophy holds that Buddhism is a path of spiritual development leading to Enlightenment and the true nature of reality. One way to fully u nderstand Buddhism is to critically discuss the Four Noble Truths and how they lead to the path of Nibbana. According to Lopez, ‘The Buddha stated in his first sermon that when he gained absolute and intuitive knowledge of theRead MoreEssay about Buddhism1176 Words   |  5 PagesBuddhism Buddhism is the great oriental religion founded by Guatama Buddha, who lived and taught in India in the sixth century BC All Buddhists trace their faith to Buddha and revere his person (Frederic 15). Nearly all types of Buddhism include monastic orders whose members serve as teachers and clergy to the lay community (Maraldo 19). However, beyond these common features the numerous sects of modern Buddhism exhibit great variety in their beliefs and practices. In its oldest surviving formRead MoreChristianity And Buddhism Ethical Practices1382 Words   |  6 PagesAlexandra Madar Term Paper 1 July 26, 2015 REL 3308 Christianity and Buddhism Ethical Practices Religion is not, especially in the societies that anthropologists study, an institution with sharp boundaries. The world that is known upon every individual is based among numerous religions that seek morality, spirituality, and good deed. In a way, religion allows one to achieve a sense of purity and to truly define the ground in which they stand upon. Every religion is based upon a specific foundationRead MoreBuddhism : Religion Of Buddhism1282 Words   |  6 PagesBuddhism Did you know that Bauddha Dharma (Buddhism) can be translated as Religion of the Buddha or Way of Buddha . Which means following the teachings of the enlightened one. Buddhism is the religion of spiritual enlightenment through the suppressing of one’s worldly desires. Buddhism takes one on the path of a spiritual journey, to become one with their soul. It teaches one how to comprehend life’s mysteries, and to cope with them. In this essay, I will first start of will how theRead MoreWhen Diving Into The Depths Of Buddhism And How A Non Theistic Religion Has Strong Morals921 Words   |  4 PagesBefore diving into the depths of Buddhism and how a non-theistic religion has strong morals as well as heightened sense of life. It is important to take a step back and see how Buddhism started out. Siddharhta Guatam was born into the rulers of a small kingdom near the present border of north India. Legend says that Siddhartha was born he was examined by several holy men w ho announced that he would be a great leader. He lived a life of luxury and at the age of sixteen met his wife Yasodhara and soonRead More Buddhism Essay1168 Words   |  5 Pagesand India this is everyday life as a Buddhist. Buddhism revolves around a strict code of daily rituals and meditations. To an outsider they can seem mystical or even odd, but these are the paths to enlightenment and spiritual salvation. Throughout the centuries, Buddhism has evolved into a major religion in Asia and other parts of the world. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The mystical roots of Buddhism can be traced back to the first century BCE. Buddhism began with the birth of Siddhartha Gautama. WhenRead MoreBuddism versus Hinduism Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesBuddhism vs Hinduism Hinduism and Buddhism are the two main religions of Ancient India. Both religions share Common beliefs but also have their differences. Some differences are the deities worshipped, the founders of the religions, sacred writings observed, and meditation practices. Through out this essay we will explore and compare the similarities and the differences in both of these religions. Hinduism Religion In the Hindu religion, the founder was not one person alone. It isRead MoreBuddhism : Buddhism And Buddhism1009 Words   |  5 Pages Zen Buddhism isn’t exactly a â€Å"religion†, but a way of living. It creates peace within the human mind that allows one to grow, develop and look at the world more positively. Originating in China in 650 C.E., Zen Buddhism is a combination between Indian Mahayana Buddhism and Taoism. Mahayana Buddhism promotes bodhisattva, which is practicing the way of life in the direction of Buddha. Taoism is a religion developed by Lao-tzu, a Taoist philosopher, and focuses on obtaining long life and good fortuneRead More Buddhism in the West Essay1135 Words   |  5 Pagesdogmas and theology. Covering both the natural and spiritual, it should be based on a religious sense arising from the experience of all natural and spiritual and a meaningful unity. Buddhism answers this description. If there is any religion that would cope with modern scientific needs it would be Buddhism.†# Many great minds like Albert Einstein have converted or become Buddhists. Many people from the west are turning their attention towards Buddhism because of the Buddha’s simple way to life and the

A Day In Court Free Essays

Professor Brian D. Heffner 7 December 2012 A Day In Criminal Court This week I had the opportunity to sit In on criminal court proceedings. I chose to visit the Oakland County Court House for the day and noticed quite a few things through out the whole experience. We will write a custom essay sample on A Day In Court or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have been to a few courts In the past, criminal, traffic, and family, but never In the Oakland County bulldlng. There were many details of the proceedings, the Image, and even the condltlons of everything from the bulldlng Itself to the people Involved that I found particularly Interesting. The first thing I hought when I entered the bulldlng was that It was not crowded. In previous vlslts to troy courts the place was packed, let alone confusing. This courthouse was different. The hallways were very modern and clean and it felt fresh to me, not dark and dismal like it could have been. (l guess I have to also consider that I didn’ t have any charges against me so I wasn? t entering the building expecting to hate being there) I was surprised by the security measures. It seemed as if it was too easy to get through. I expected to have three or four metal detectors lined up for a big crowd, but there was only one. Right away I got the sense that the size of the building was not reflective of the amount of cases per day it accommodates. After speaking with one of the guards I was referred to the criminal court room rather than the family court, due to what he called a more interesting day.? . The courtroom itself I thought was way too small. There were only two and a half rows for people to sit and watch, forcing many people to have to wait outside. That I thought was not a well thought out design. There is tons of extra hallway space that they could have stretched the room out to make it bigger so you wouldn’t run into those kinds of problems. The room also had extravagant fixtures hanging from the ceiling. I don’t really understand the purpose of them, they may even have been lights, but they Just looked like a waste of money. I dont think they serve any other reason than to look pretty, and if that’s the case, they could have spent the money on the room extension. That’s Just my opinion of the building; another thing that struck me was the people involved. As I looked around the court room, I saw lawyers, citizens, guards, and of course the Judge. The Judge, I was informed, was the night Judge filling In for someone. I was warned by my buddy, the guard, that he would be sluggish, but I thought It flowed nicely. I must first speak of the lawyers because they bothered me the most. These lawyers were slobs! I realize that you may not make a whole lot of money being a public defender, but you could at least dress appropriately. One of these lawyers had his whole hem hanging out with string following him everywhere. This guys pants were wrinkled and his hair completely void of any type of brushing. I would never hire any one that looked Ilke that. and I would be scared If I had him assigned to me. Another lawyer, a woman this time, was the most horrifying thing I have ever seen. Before she even came in the wanted a new lawyer because she was as dizzy. When she walked in I realized they had made a huge understatement. This woman had the most disgusting mess of hair on top of her head and she kept scratching it. It was like a huge crimped, teased, knotty mess. I couldn’t believe that she would walk into a courtroom like that. Oh my God she was a mess! I don’t understand how she could represent anyone looking like that. There was only one professional looking lawyer and he was the prosecutor. Everyone else looked third rate compared to him. The other group of people I looked at was the criminals. There was definitely a mixed group of people there. There was one lady in her 40’s that was wearing a long fur coat and all the Jewelry in the world, and you could Just tell she was ashamed to be there. Her husband wouldn’t even sit in the courtroom with her. I really would have loved to know what she did wrong, but with all the bench conversation you never got to hear her crime, Just her dismissal. Another guy that had charges against him wasn’t even allowed in the courtroom ecause he didn’t have the right shoes. I thought that was completely unfair. He was outside the courtroom explaining that he didn’t have any money to buy good shoes for the day, but they still wouldn’t let him in. I guess all this stuff has been pretty superficial, but what really bothered me was how each of the cases was handled. I always thought that the public could view any courtroom proceeding, but I felt extremely short changed. In fact I think it was unfair to the criminals as well. It seemed like every case was decided at the bench before even saying what the charges were. I know I sat through three hours of court and left only knowing what two of the cases was really about. When the incarcerated people were brought out it looked like they were clueless as to what was going on, because they couldn’t hear any of it. They looked shocked sometimes when hearing the decisions as if they didn’t know what was happening to them. I know that I was shocked when I heard some of the verdicts because I had no idea what the crime was For the most part they Just announced codes not allowing the common person to understand a thing they’re talking about. After every decision the lawyer had to break it down to their own words to the clients. That annoyed me so much. I was also disgusted with one case in particular where they actually did describe the crime. A man and a woman had both committed armed robbery and in the process hospitalized two victims. Their lawyer had the nerve to ask for $1000 bail for the two of them, pointing out the families of each of the criminals in the courtroom, explaining that they both had newborns to take care of. This lawyer had a 6 year old child in the courtroom to hear his father receive a $50, 000 bail. I Just think that was wrong. The lawyer knew there was no way in the world he was getting his client off, the guy had a rap sheet longer than the Bible from 4 different states, but he chose to put that kid through that. I don’t get that. I guess overall my court experience was a pretty good learning experience. I learned to appreciate my lawyer a 100 times more Just for his wardrobe alone. I learned that you always need appropriate shoes even if your clothes are as crappy as ever. I learned that the city of Oakland County prefers style to space accommodations, and most importantly I learned that is cheaper to obey the law than to break it. How to cite A Day In Court, Papers

Accounting and ERP

Question: Discuss about the Accounting and ERP. Answer: Introduction Due to increasing frauds and failure of management and auditors to keep up with the trust of public, it has become a requirement to bring some sort of regulation which makes them more responsible. SOX and ERP are related. This can be easily proved. The Sarbanes Oxley Act puts more emphasis on internal control over financial accounting to ensure integrity of the financial statements and protect the assets of the company. The enterprise resource planning (ERP) is business process management softwarethat binds the function of a business enterprise, so that all or any information can be used whenever required. Therefore, ERP plays a very vital role in internal control management of a business. But there are few cases where application of ERP has not been successful; there may be any reason behind it. We will look further in all the matters mentions in the above paragraph in the below project. Popularity of ERP software and adoption by medium to small companies Innovative and simplified ERP software are making it very convenient for medium to large companies to very easily switch from manual and off the shelf accounting to advanced ERP packages. There are various reasons because of which the use of the ERP packages is increasing day by day. Organisations already spend a lot of monies on accounting and finance. Once an investment made in proper ERP software according to the use of company, will give the organisation long term benefits. This software can easily account for transactions automatically without creating a burden to put in manual entries. Not only automation of data entry, but also an EPR package will help the organisation to have data from different departments to integrate. It helps in pooling of data in one place, which can be processes further and use accordingly. Integration of information will help us analyse all the flaws and positive attribute of our work (Fryling, 2010). Good ERP software is very secure. No one can easily have access to important data. It helps to maintain a hierarchy, without whose approval information cannot be obtained. One of the best reasons why ERPs use is increasing is that, it can be customised according to one need. People can add features in this software according to their requirement (Evan, 2014). ERP has resulted to improve the performances of many business organisations. It not only is convenient for employees but it also help business to serve their customers is a more efficient manner. If an organisation has various branches and offices spread all over the globe, EPR can easily integrate data from all these places of businesses. Also, ERPs can be customised in various languages too. It also increases the flow of communication within an organisation. ERP helps an organisation to improve its productivity. It allows a business organisation to move its product faster, increase the processing speed, create invoices and automatically reconcile data. It is not an easy task to implement ERP. It requires a lot of time to fully implement ERP in huge companies. ERP helps to streamline the operations of the business by data integration and refining processes that is needed to manage within an organisation (Fryling, 2010). Which industries are the biggest users if any? Why ERP software is used by manufacturing, retail, finance, government, service, etc, all the industries present use ERP. The complexities of running a business are increasing day by day. Requirement to various statutes, laws, etc are becoming very demanding day by day. So in order to reduce the load some of work of processing data, industries are using application of ERP. If we see, we will observe that all the industries are using ERP, but the industry which has made the most of the applications of ERP is manufacturing industry. Manufacturing industry has a lot of processes involved in their work. They need to account for raw material movement, sales, wastage, administrative expenses, etc. ERP is a comprehensive system that provides with the best support for industries involving multi processes. In the current aggressive business environment it is very important to be prepared for a huge and competitive market. In this situation where the whole global market is a risk, the small and me dium businesses are in a fix. They have to face various challenges day to day, like, customer requirements, mandatory compliance of laws, effective supplier management, costs control, creating market for new customers to grow their business, etc. ERP offers a solution to enable the manufacturers to compete in whatever situation prevails in the market (Siraj et. al, 2011). Application of ERP in manufacturing industry transforms the whole face of supply chain management, raw material movement, managing finance, coping with the customers etc. The major benefits obtained from application of ERP in manufacturing industry are that it helps in minimization of manufacturing costs and increases resource utilisation, reduction of constraints in production, on time delivery of goods, transparency in operational control, etc. The ERP of manufacturing industry should be designed in such a way that it helps them to excel in all processes (Gill, 2011). With the help of transparent operational poli cy and support for various manufacturing processes, it would become very easy to carry out the business transactions. ERP helps to provide this industry with reduced costs, improves customer service, improved customer satisfaction, increase in profitability margins, new streams to generate revenue and many other advantages. Sarbanes Oxley Act and implications The Sarbanes Oxley Act, 2002 was introduced in 2002; it is also known as Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act. This legislation was a reaction to major corporate and accounting scandals like Enron, Tyco International, Worldcom, etc. Such scandals eroded the wealth of the investors and shook the confidence. The Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 is a United States Federal Law that is passed as an answer to various scandals like Enron and Worldcom. A unique Quasi-public authority was developed by the act, the public company accounting oversight board for watching, regulating, inspecting maintaining discipline in the accounting firms in their roles as auditors of public companies (Manoharan, 2011). This act pertains to issues like as auditor independence, corporate governance and enhanced financial disclosure. The vital provisions of SOX contain creation of a board which looks after application of SOX. It also developed a need that is evaluated by the public companies ev aluate and reveal the action of the internal control, as they are very much related to financial accounting and also that the independent auditors of such companies adheres to such disclosure. Certification of financial reports by chief executive officers and chief financial officers is an essential need of the SOX. The independence of the auditor is the main criteria. It is an essential need that a listed company have fully independent audit committees. The major thing is that there is a bar on the personal loans to any executive director or officer. It leads to a strong for reporting in an accelerated manner based on insider trading (Heeler, 2009). SOX have led to insider prohibition during pension fund blackout periods and disclosure for the same. Introduction of SOX has lead increment in the criminal, as well as civil penalties for breaking the rules of the securities law, along with sentences to jail and larger fines for executives who influences the financial statements. Sarbo x also leads to employee protection allowing those corporate fraud whistle blowers who report such activities to higher authorities ( Garfield Edelglass, 2011). MySAP ERP meets the implications The financial reporting processes of various organisations are influenced by IT systems. There are hardly any companies which manage their data manually, most of the companies now a days depend on electronic management of data, documents and key operational processes. The chief information officers of these organisations depends on the security, accuracy and reliability of the systems used. Enterprise Resource Programme is strongly imbedded in the process of initializing, processing and reporting of data that is financial in nature. The SOX and IT department work in a systematic way. The internal control report made by the management is required to be attested by the auditor and then filed to the higher authority. Most of the companies now a days maintain their accounts in a computer information system (Mulbert, 2010). The internal control systems of these are different from that of manual systems. The management should properly evaluate if the internal control systems related to ERP are adequate or not. In ERP the five factors as per the Committee of Sponsoring Organisations (COSO) framework are to be ensured. The components of internal control framework as defined by COSO framework include control environment, risk assessment, control activities information communication and monitoring (Gill, 2011). MySAP ERP is created based on the existing practices of the industry which meets and supports the needs of a company from automatic processes to compliance of laws to create a transparent control environment. It helps the companies to apply industry standards, internal controls which help them to carry on with the work more easily. It is requirement of SOX that the companies be faster, punctual, precise and transparent in their accounting practices and financial reporting. It also has an in built audit information system which facilitates the work of internal and external auditors and helps them with structured audit reviews. The system of MySAP ERP has preconfigured sets of reports and activities which assist the auditors to check if the company has made all compliances and helps them to find out gaps in reporting. The feature of MySAP ERP helps the internal and external auditors to perform their relevant audit checks in an arranged manner. Success and Failure of ERP implementations and reasons ERP system is the major system that reaches into all area of a business and its processes. ERP helps us to integrate all functions and departments across the whole of organisation into a single computer system which aims to provide assistance as per everyones need. It helps us to simplify the exchange of data and also facilitates the communication among all the departments and functions. Each process works independently, performing specific data processing functions (Weistroffer et. al, 2010). When an ERP is implemented in a successful manner, it binds all the areas of a company containing other management, marketing, finance, production and distribution with suppliers who are external and clients into a strong integrated system which provides shared data and transparency (Fowler, 2010). The potential benefits of ERP include drastic decrease in raw material costs, working capital, and information regarding the needs of a customer, along with the ability of an enterprise to forecast a nd accordingly arrange supplies, capital and other resources. The experts on information technology think that the failure of the application of ERP occurs more than they are expected to. Failure in application of ERP software is irrespective of size of the business, sector of industry, ownership, etc. The cost of these failures is billions of dollars every year (Grant et. al, 2006). One of the most successful application of ERP was at NESTLE, whose headquarters are at Switzerland. With the start of 21st century Nestle wanted to make use of its huge business and wanted to act like one. It thought that it required a system which could handle its scale of operations. For this, they got into a contract of $200million with SAP to make them an ERP system which could be used by 230,000 employees across 80 countries around the world. Over and above the amount of $200 million, Nestle also committed to pay $80 million for consulting, maintenance and upgrades (Fowler, 2010). The executives of the company realised that they required standardizing its business processes if it wanted to exist in the current completive market. It was estimated that it would take three years for the whole application of this software. After the application, though there were obstacles in the path, in 2002 one of the branches of Nestle claimed to have saved over $325 million. The major areas whe re the savings were noticed were in the supply chain movements, demand forecasting. Similarly in June 2000, one of the most famous brands of the worlds, NIKE reported a loss of $400 million in its newly implemented supply and demand software planning system. The company incorrectly ordered of certain kind of shoes whose demand did not exist much in the market, because of which there were huge inventory problems and overdue deliveries. Because of which $100 million were lost in sales and also the stock prices fell for almost 20%. The major causes for failure of this system were that the software was too slow. It failed to integrate properly with the processes of the organisation. It had various bugs and also the staffs were not provided with appropriate training (Porter, 2008). The major statistical reason behind the failure of this implementation was that the software did not fit the business model of NIKE. Later the company fixed the technical errors. It also discontinued the use of manual means on short and medium range planning. It moved the planning functions in to SAP, which shifted the focus from algorithms to transactions and lead to simplified integration of requirements. This lead to 8% increase in revenue because of leaner supply chain, less inventory and reduction of lead time. Conclusion Application of ERP in an organisation is not a childs play. It requires patience, definite business goals, re-engineering processes and practice to get a successful impletion of ERP. Also, the trending increase in fraud and failure of the management to report the true financial status of the company requires successful application of Sarbanes Oxley Act. Both the ERP and SOX can work together and provide an integrated platform to successful compliances by companies. If an organization wants to curtail risk and have a stronger grasp of the market then it needs ERP and SOX that aids in bringing a strong result. From the above discussion it is clear that ERP is the need of the hour and it benefits the users. In short, it aids in decision making process and lead to elimination of risk (Brain Marakas, 2009). Moreover, SOX has been a major landmark in the creating a strong governance that aims to provide clarity and transparency. It keeps the risks at bay. For an organization to perform ef fectively, it is essential that both SOX and ERP must be operated together. References Evan, F 2014, The 5 Ws of Information Security, viewed 27 May 2016, https://www.frsecure.com/the-5-ws-of-information-security/. Fryling, M 2010, Estimating the impact of enterprise resource planning project management decisions on post-implementation maintenance costs: a case study using simulation modeling, Enterprise Information Systems, vol.4, no. 4, pp. 391421. Gill, R 2011, The rise of two-tier ERP, Strategic Finance, vol. 93, no. 5, pp.35-40 Grant, D; Richard H; Nick W Christopher W 2006, The false promise of technological determinism: the case of enterprise resource planning systems, New Technology, Work Employment, vol. 21, no.1, pp. 215 Fowler, M 2010, Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture, Addison Wesley. Garfield, L. Edelglass, W 2011, The Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy, Oxford University Press. Heeler, D 2009, Audit Principles, Risk Assessment Effective Reporting, Pearson Press. Manoharan, T.N 2011, Financial Statement Fraud and Corporate Governance, The George Washington University. Manoharan, T.N. 2011, Financial Statement Fraud and Corporate Governance, The George Washington University. Mulbert, P.O 2010, Corporate Governance of Banks after the Financial Crisis Theory, Evidence and Reforms, European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI), 1-40 Brien, J and Marakas, G 2009, Management Information Systems, McGraw-Hill. Porter, M 2008, Competitive Strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors, Free Press Siraj, S., Mikhailov, L. and Keane, J. A 2011, Priests: an interactive decision support tool to estimate priorities from pairwise comparison judgments, International Transactions in Operational Research, vol. 12, no.4, pp. 45-61 Weistroffer, H.R, Smith, C.H and Narula, SC 2010, Multiple criteria decision support software, Springer: Oxford University Press.

Introduction Of The Care Quality Commission Social Work Essay Example

Introduction Of The Care Quality Commission Social Work Essay The debut of the Care Quality Commission arguably fixesA that which was non broken.A Editorial The Trials of Marriage, The Guardian, Wednesday 1st AprilA 2009.A The CQC came into being on 1st April 2009. See the intendedA function of the CQC and measure this statement in visible radiation of the experiencesA of the first full twelvemonth of the CQC s being. We need to see tougher action by the committee on hapless suppliers. The committee can enforce or vary conditions where older people may be at hazard. It can call off the enrollment if that is the lone manner to guarantee safety. Areas highlighted as needing pressing attending include record-keeping, medicine, attention programs and staff supervising. Operating as from April 1st 2009 the Care Quality Commission ( CQC ) takes over from the function of the former Commission for Social Care Inspection ( CSCI ) as the enrollment and ordinance organic structure for societal attention in England, every bit good as executing the maps of the former Healthcare Commission and the Mental Health Act Commission. The CQC requires all wellness and grownup societal attention suppliers to register their regulated activities. Regulated activities that require enrollment are declared in the Health and Social Care Act 2008 ( Regulated Activities ) Regulations 2009, Pt II, s 3 ( 1 ) . The intended function of the CQC is to do the general criterion of attention better, nevertheless concerns have been raised about the hapless quality of wellness attention for the aged as about one one-fourth of places for older people provide unequal attention. The CQC has done a batch of beguiling in its first twelvemonth of being which confirms the statement that it arguably holes that which was non broken . First, its staff have had to make an administration from the amalgamation of the Commission for Social Care Inspection, the Healthcare Commission and the Mental Health Act Commission. In add-on, it has had to go on its predecessors maps in measuring grownup societal attention proviso, measuring wellness services and supervising the intervention of detained mental wellness patients. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction Of The Care Quality Commission Social Work specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction Of The Care Quality Commission Social Work specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction Of The Care Quality Commission Social Work specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There are several wellness attention regulators viz. the Care Quality Commission ( CQG ) , the Health Protection Agency ( HPA ) , the Human Tissue Authority ( HTA ) , the Medicines and Healthcare merchandises Regulatory Agency ( MHRA ) , the Medical Research Council ( MRC ) , the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence ( NICE ) and the National Patient Safety Agency ( NPSA ) . The CQG regulates all the wellness and grownup societal attention in England and besides protects the involvements of those detained under the Mental Health Act. The most late devised wellness attention regulator is the CQC which seems to be an effort at embracing the function and maps of the other organic structures. The CQC has made proposals for its attack to the appraisals of quality in 2010/2011 for all establishments in England that provide health care and grownup societal attention services, and for the National Health Service ( normally referred to as the NHS ) and local authorization administrations that committee those services. The proposals were set up in conformity with the Heath and Social Care Act 2008. From April 1st 2009 all administrations that are suppliers of health care and grownup societal attention services in England will be required to be registered by October 1st 2010 with the CQC as stated by the Heath and Social Care Act 2008. Registration is non merely about the initial enrollment. but includes initial enrollment, monitoring and appraisal of ongoing conformity, review and execution. The CQC has to set about enrollment activities every bit good as to execute periodic reappraisals, and particular reappraisals and surveies and to print information on its findings. A new legal model has been created to ease the new ordinance system that is the Health and Social Care Act 2008 ( Registration Requirement Regulations 2009 ) . The Health and Social Care Act 2008 gives the CQC extended powers. It can publish enforcement notices, withdraw supplier organic structures rights to supply services wholly or can publish certain conditions of service/registration if it decides it is necessary to make so. Its enforcement options range from minor to really serious countenances depending on the service affected grade of hazard or service break. However the CQC stresses it wants the regulative system to drive and back up the health care and grownup societal services administrations to better and raise criterions and to be based on equity and transparence. On its official website the NHS describes the intended function of the CQC a regulator which makes certain that the voices of people who use wellness and grownup societal attention services are heard by inquiring people to portion their experiences of attention services. It makes certain that users positions are at the bosom of its studies and reappraisals. In some instances patients and their carersA work aboard inspectors to supply a user s position of services. The world and whether the CQC has successfully achieved the ends the NHS mentioned is arguable. The CQC is responsible to do certain that indispensable common criterions of quality are met everyplace wellness attention is provided, from infirmaries to private attention places and work towards bettering wellness attention services. The Commission promotes the rights and involvements of people who use services and have a broad scope of enforcement powers to take action on their behalf if services are intolerably below criterions The CQC brought together ( for the first clip ) independent ordinance of wellness, mental wellness and grownup societal attention. Before April 1st 2009, these undertakings were carried out by the Healthcare Commission, the Mental Health Act Commission and the Commission for Social Care Inspection. The purpose of the CQC is to guarantee that better attention is provided for everyone wherever it is provided. The Commission has greater powers and duties to utilize and take history of people s positions and experiences of services, and this includes grounds from overview and examination commissions. In June 2009, a Statement of Involvement was published puting out the Commission s attack to affecting people in their mission.A Overview and scrutiny commissions working on wellness issues have been an of import beginning of grounds of people s positions and experiences of wellness services for the Healthcare Commission. The Commission wants to construct on this relationship and to promote commissions to develop an on-going duologue with them. Scrutiny commissions have a cardinal function in conveying together and jointing the positions of local people who use wellness and societal attention services in their country, and to look into whether their demands and concerns are being addressed by service commissioners and suppliers. In many ways, examination commissions operate like a local regulator, keeping services to account. During its first twelvemonth the CQC has faced many challenges which sheds a uncertainty of whether the Commission has truly fixed a prevalent issue or has fixed that which was non broken. The CQC has had to continue with the functions carried out by its predecessors as stated in the Health and Social Care Bill, Part II. The CQC has besides introduced a new enrollment system for wellness and societal attention suppliers in English which is the first clip the NHS has been regulated in that mode. The new nucleus criterions imposed by the CQC will replace the ordinances and comparative National Minimum Standards under the Care Standards Act 2000 which will be null as from September 30th 2010. The ordinances introduced by the CQC will use from October 1st 2010 ( the day of the month when the suppliers must be registered in the new system ) . Under the new system introduced by the CQC, alternatively of being separately registered for each service, suppliers will hold to register harmonizi ng to their several regulated activity. In September 2009, the CQC had to confront a serious allegation about pull stringsing study findings. The caput of the Development for Mental Health, Louis Appleby, accused the CQC of seeking to pull the media s attending by portraying a deformed flattering image of the Commission s work therefore sabotaging the intended function of the CQC which is to be factual and balanced and inform the populace and patients . Professor Appleby expressed his concerns about the hapless public presentation of the CQC which the Commission did non welcome. In December 2009, Colin Angel, the caput of policy and communicating United Kingdom Homecare Association and the Registered Nursing Home Association criticised the Commission s failure to pass on efficaciously over the system of enrollment: We are highly defeated about the handling of the enrollment procedure. We fear that CQC is nt adequately prepared for the tremendous communicating exercising confronting them. Colin Angel besides identified the fact that the CQC was losing the chance to utilize the extended proficient cognition available from suppliers representative organic structures which the Registered Nursing Home Association head executive Frank Ursell approved. Some service suppliers have expressed their concerns about the fact that the Commission might hold embarked on a mission which was excessively extended and disputing to them as stated by the joint chair of the Association of Directors of Adult Social Services criterions and resources web: It has been stretched at senior direction degree and we ve had rather short notice of a figure of enterprises. It s been a spot hand-to-mouth in footings of its ability to do determinations. She points to the fact that concluding counsel on how councils were to be assessed in 2009-10 was merely published three-fourthss of the manner through the twelvemonth. Colin Angel, caput of policy and communicating at the UKHCA, says: The CQC has lost valuable clip restructuring, go forthing deficient clip for over 24,000 societal attention suppliers to accommodate to new criterions before they are required to re-register. But Amanda Sherlock, caput of operations at the CQC, says it has been an outstanding accomplishment to draw together the three committees, deliver concern every bit usual every bit good as bring in a new regulative theoretical account , while constructing a new administration. She says that some things could hold gone better, stating that the CQC has worked on how it handles national proclamations, so councils and other organic structures face no surprises when these go on. Norman acknowledges the CQC has shown itself willing to listen and accepted the concerns that we ve had . On supplier enrollment, Sherlock says: We are acute to hear how we can make things better and how we can orient our attack and communicating. She says the CQC has an absolute focal point on doing certain suppliers are clear what is expected between April and October when they must register. National Care Forum executive manager Des Kelly says for its portion the supplier sector needs to work with the CQC to guarantee enrollment succeeds. Sherlock admits the CQC has set a batch of clip into organizational development but says this has paid off in set uping an administration that has an absolute committedness to driving up quality and safety across wellness and societal attention without specifying any sector as particular . A twelvemonth ago, many in societal attention, including former CSCI chair Dame Denise Platt, feared the wellness service s high political and public profile would do it particular . And since Johnstone s going last fall, there has been no 1 with a societal attention background on CQC s executive squad below main executive Cynthia Bower, who left societal services in 1995. Sherlock insists such frights have proved baseless, but says the CQC has been helped by grownup attention s lifting profile. Sherlock, who worked for the CSCI and its predecessor, the National Care Standards Commission, points to her ain centrality to CQC s strategic way, despite non being on the executive squad. She besides reveals that the CQC will shortly name a national societal attention advisor, to supply external challenge and beef up links with the sector. Kelly says the issue of societal attention s precedence has gone better than I would hold predicted 12 months ago . Concerns have besides been raised that the CQC would non keep the CSCI s focal point on user engagement. Sue Bott, manager of the National Centre for Independent Living, which provides users to move as experts by experience on review squads, says engagement is nowhere near as prevalent as it was in the CSCI. The CQC produced a statement on user engagement last June, plighting to carry on studies and put up advisory panels. Sherlock agrees there is more to make but says the statement has been implemented and the CQC s user engagement squad, led by Frances Hasler, who performed the same function for the CSCI, actively challenges all parts of the administration . One of the cardinal aims of the CQC is to back up the integrating of wellness and societal attention. Kelly says he has non seen a great trade of grounds as yet of advancement on this forepart. But Sherlock points to the particular reappraisals that the CQC has been making on issues that cross the divide, including the quality of health care for attention place occupants, which she says will place good pattern and any spreads. These will describe in 2010-11, alongside the axial rotation out of enrollment for grownup attention suppliers and a Reformed public presentation appraisal for councils. It will be another busy twelvemonth. ONE Year OF THE CQC April 2009 The Care Quality Commission starts work. Surpassing Commission for Social Care Inspection chair Dame Denise Platt raises concerns over its possible to sufficiently prioritize societal attention and affect service users. May 2009 Former Association of Directors of Adults Social Services criterions lead David Johnstone appointed manager of operations at the CQC. He leaves the administration after merely a few months. June 2009 Statement on service user engagement published. The CQC announces series of particular reappraisals for 2009-10, including of health care demands of attention place occupants and impact of recession on services. July 2009 The CQC says NHS trusts are neglecting to follow with kid protection demands in countries such as staff preparation in study sparked by Baby Peter instance. September 2009 DH mental wellness manager Louis Appleby says the CQCHYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2009/09/29/112717/appleby-accuses-care-quality-commission-of-seeking-headlines.htm HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2009/09/29/112717/appleby-accuses-care-quality-commission-of-seeking-headlines.htm s portraiture of consequences of an in-patient study was HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2009/09/29/112717/appleby-accuses-care-quality-commission-of-seeking-headlines.htm HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2009/09/29/112717/appleby-accuses-care-quality-commission-of-seeking-headlines.htm intentionally distortingHYPERLINK http: //www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2009/09/29/112717/appleby-accuses-care-quality-commission-of-seeking-headlines.htm and merely highlighted negative findings. The CQC says many study consequences were haples s. October 2009 The CQC publishes bill of exchange criterions for wellness and societal attention suppliers, and holds run intoing with mental wellness leaders over its presentation of the consequences of its in-patient study. December 2009 Adass criticises the CQC for its intervention of eight councils labelled HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2009/12/04/113366/adasss-owen-attacks-cqc-over-treatment-of-eight-councils.htm HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2009/12/04/113366/adasss-owen-attacks-cqc-over-treatment-of-eight-councils.htm precedence for improvementHYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2009/12/04/113366/adasss-owen-attacks-cqc-over-treatment-of-eight-councils.htm HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2009/12/04/113366/adasss-owen-attacks-cqc-over-treatment-of-eight-councils.htm following one-year public presentation appraisal ( APA ) . Councils better for 7th twelvemonth running. February 2010 The CQC says ?2bn could be saved a twelvemonth from reduced infirmary admittances if joint working improves between wellness and societal attention in first HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2010/02/10/113768/cqc-health-and-socal-care-integration-can-save-2bn-a-year.htm State of CareHYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2010/02/10/113768/cqc-health-and-socal-care-integration-can-save-2bn-a-year.htm study. It promises 2010-11 APA for councils will be tougher. March 2010 Care supplier organic structures slam the CQC for an alleged deficiency of communicating of the procedure for enrollment under its new system. The CQC claims it has engaged extensively. April 2010 The CQC is one twelvemonth old. It starts procedure of registering grownup attention suppliers under new system. National societal attention advisor appointed. This article is published in the 8 April 2010 edition of Community Care under the headline Many happy returns?

Using the Switch Statement for Multiple Choices in Java

Using the Switch Statement for Multiple Choices in Java If your Java program needs to make a choice between two or three actions, an if, then, else statement will suffice. However, the if, then, else statement begins to feel cumbersome when there are a number of choices a program might need to make. There are only so many else...if statements you want to add before the code begins to look untidy. When a decision across multiple options is required, use the switch statement. The Switch Statement A switch statement allows a program the ability to compare the value of an expression to a list of alternative values. For example, imagine you had a drop-down menu that contained the numbers 1 to 4. Depending on which number is chosen, you want your program to do something different: //lets say the user picks number 4int menuChoice 4;switch (menuChoice){ case 1: JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, You chose number 1.); break; case 2: JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, You chose number 2.); break; case 3: JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, You chose number 3.); break; //This option gets chosen because the value 4 matches the value of //the menuChoise variablecase 4:Â  JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, You chose number 4.);Â  break; default: JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, Something went wrong!); break;} If you look at the syntax of the switch statement you should notice a few things: 1. The variable containing the value that needs to be compared to is placed at the top, inside the brackets. 2. Each alternative option starts with a case label. The value to be compared against the top variable comes next, followed by a colon. For example, case 1: is the case label followed by the value 1 - it could just as easily be case 123: or case -9:. You can have as many alternative options as you need. 3. If you look at the above syntax, the fourth alternative option is highlighted - the case label, the code it executes (i.e., the JOptionPane) and a break statement. The break statement signals the end of the code that needs to be executed. If you look, youll see that every alternative option ends with a break statement. Its very important to remember to put in the break statement. Consider the following code: //lets say the user picks number 1int menuChoice 1;switch (menuChoice)case 1: JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, You chose number 1.);case 2: JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, You chose number 2.);break;case 3: JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, You chose number 3.); break;case 4: JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, You chose number 4.); break;default: JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, Something went wrong!); break;} What you expect to happen is to see a dialog box saying You chose number 1, but because there is no break statement matching the first case label, the code in the second case label also gets executed. This means the next dialog box saying You chose number 2 will also appear. 4. There is a default label at the bottom of the switch statement. This is like a safety net in case none of the values of the case labels match the value being compared with it. Its very useful to provide a way of executing code when none of the desired options are chosen. If you always expect one of the other options to be chosen, then you can leave out the default label, but to put one at the end of every switch statement you create is a good habit to get into. It might seem unlikely that it will ever be used but mistakes can creep into the code and it can help to catch an error. Since JDK 7 One of the changes to the Java syntax with the release of JDK 7 is the ability to use Strings in switch statements. Being able to compare String values in a switch statement can be very handy: String name Bob;switch (name.toLowerCase()){ case joe: JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, Good morning, Joe!); break; case michael: JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, Hows it going, Michael?); break; case bob: JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, Bob, my old friend!); break; case billy: JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, Afternoon Billy, hows the kids?); break; default: JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, Pleased to meet you, John Doe.); break;} When comparing two String values, it can be a lot easier if you make sure they are all in the same case. Using the .toLowerCase method means all the case label values can be in lowercase. Things to Remember About the Switch Statement The type of the variable to be compared against must be a char, byte, short, int, Character, Byte, Short, Integer, String, or enum type. The value next to the case label cannot be a variable. It has to be a constant expression (e.g., an int literal, a char literal). The values of the constant expressions across all the case labels must be different. The following would result in a compile-time error: switch (menuChoice){ case 323: JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, You chose option 1.); break; case 323: JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, You chose option 2.); break; There can only be one default label in a switch statement. When using an object for the switch statement (e.g., String, Integer, Character) make sure it is not null. A null object will result in a runtime error when the switch statement is executed.

Growth and Developement Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Growth and Developement - Research Paper Example The patient is a five month old male infant, who was admitted to hospital with small bowel obstruction. Upon several medical examinations, the infant was diagnosed with dilated transverse colon and a small bowel .On admission he was an undernourished and fragile baby, but improved his condition with all the medical support and assistance at hospital His parents are going through a lot of trauma and anxiety, and are extremely worried about the health and safety of the baby. The infant is going to be subjected to surgery in near future and all our anticipating for the health and wellbeing of the infant. Section I: Physical Growth and Development A.General parameters 1. Height & Weight: The height of baby is 54.6 cm and Weight is precisely 4.26 kg. Nutrition: The nutritional status of the baby is inferior as he is terminally ill with multiple health complications. 3. Sleep patterns – The body of the infant is very fragile and delicate at this stage, as he has a defective and disr upted bowel movement. He has undergone numerous tests like CT scans, endoscopy, and ultrasounds for the analysis of his terminal illness. He has a terrible problem with swallowing food and liquids and vomited once when bottle with EleCare formula was introduced. With all these complication going on baby is struggling to get a proper sleep and rest. Moreover, he is on morphine to avoid pain and is not experiencing a normal sleeping pattern. 4. Dental health Availability of proper nutrition plays an immense role in the development of dental structure of a baby. In the case of our patient, there is a considerable lack in the calcium and minerals supply. An infant at this Stage, needs an ample amount of breast milk to maintain a healthy body .Being unable to swallow food, his calcium intake is considerably low which can lead to poor dental growth. 5. Elimination – The baby is suffering from dilated transverse colon and posses a small bowel and this is creating complications in hi s digestion process. According to Holshniede &Puri, (2008) â€Å"A number of physicians have reported instance of severe constipation and colon dilatation in children that eventually lead to their demise†(p.12)Also , a dilated colon can result in irritable bowel movement and lead to constipation . Thus , the elimination process of the baby is poor and unpredictable. B. Motor development Motor development is a crucial stage in the growing stage of an infant and at this stage parents needs to observe the activities of their infants closely. According to Adolf ,â€Å"Motor development is truly amazing. In their first year of life, infants acquire the ability to direct their eyes a t targets, support their bodies against gravity, grasp and manipulate objects, and loco mote across the room. One reason why these accomplishments appear so amazing is that motor actions are directly observable†. However, when we consider our client, he is abnormally undernourished and anemic an d displays a very low muscle mass and motor development. 1.Gross motor : The physical reaction of the baby in his immediate surroundings is an important aspect in a child’s growing phase. However, our client is malnourished and anemic and needs immediate surgery to rectify his abdominal and rectal malfunctioning. The infant is having intra-abdominal abscesses with multiple scars in the bowel and has been diagnosed with a fibrotic and necrotic left and sigmoid colon. He is recommended not to be fed by oral means, and was