Climate change and adaptation and mitigation Essay

Climate change and adaptation and mitigation - Essay Example s of carbon dioxide have increased from a pre- industrial value of 278 to 385 parts per million in 2008, and the average global temperatures rose by 0.74 degree Celsius. In line with scientists, this is the fastest and largest warming trend they have been able to distinguish in history. With the increase in temperatures, the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change shows that the rate of recurrence of severe events such as those of heat values, drought and heavy rainfall will increase, negatively affecting agriculture, forests, bio diversity, water resources, industry, human health and settlements. Higher temperatures are predicted to raise sea level (Karling, 2001). This will be an outcome of thermal expansion of oceans and melting of mountain glaciers and ice caps together with portions of green land and Antarctic ice sheets (Hardy, 2003). In addition, amplified concentration of atmosphere carbon dioxide is causing oceans to become more acidic threatening viability of aquatic life. This concentration will not fully disperse for thousands of years. The need for action progressively grows more urgent. Basic hypothesis, climate model simulation and empirical evidence all approve that warmer climates, due to water vapor that increases result in more intense precipitation events even when the total annual precipitation reduces to some extent, and with predictions for even stronger events when the general precipitation amounts increase. The warmer climate thus increases risks of both drought and floods but at different places and times. For example, the summer of 2002 in Europe brought prevalent floods, however, later in 2003 heat waves and, drought followed which created a historic record. The distribution and programming of floods and droughts is most intensely affected by the sequence of El Nià ±o events, principally in the tropics and over considerable mid-latitudes of Pacific-rim countries (Hardy, 2003). Adaptation to climate change is a reaction

A Simulated Research Study Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A Simulated Study - Research Paper Example This data is clustered monthly, giving 60 data sets. The analysis will determine the descriptive statistics for the two sets of share data, determine the correlation and regression between the data and use a t-test to test for significance. Finally, the paper will explain the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for the two sets of data. The first part of the paper will present an introduction to the two companies and provide an overview of the statistical techniques to be used. The paper will then provide an explanation for the methods used in collecting the data, after which the methodology for the paper is explained. The paper will then present the results of the analysis, followed by an analysis of each statistic in the summary outputs presented in the paper. Table of Contents Name i Abstract ii Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Data Collection 3 Data Analysis 4 Results 5 Descriptive Statistics 5 Correlation 6 Regression 6 T-test 7 ANOVA 7 Discussion 8 Introduction The sof t drinks industry is an industry that has the biggest competitive presence in the global industry. Currently, the industry is dominated by two main players; The Coca Cola Company and Pepsi Company Limited. These two companies operate in the global market, and are known to be the biggest companies in the soft drinks market. ... The comparison of the two companies’ share prices will also help in determining the relationship between the share prices of the two companies, whether the change in share prices for the two companies are in any way related. In this case, a set of descriptive statistics will be used to determine whether either company is better than the other. This analysis will also determine the correlation between the operations of the two companies, the regression between their share prices, a t-test to test for independence and an analysis of variance (ANOVA). These tests will help in determining the relationship between the share prices of the two companies and the performance of each company in relation to the other. Since the two companies are competitors, it is expected that one company performs better than the other company, but that their prices be positively correlated since they operate in the same industry, so are mostly affected by the same factors. Methodology Data Collection A s already stated, the company will be done using share prices for Coca Cola and PepsiCo for the last five years of operations. The data for this simulated research study will be collected from Yahoo! Finance, where the date collected will be monthly data from 2007 to 2012. The data will be collected from May 1, 2007 to May 1, 2012, which gives 61 data sets for each company. The use of 61 data points is done to avoid short-term effects of market interplay factors like unexpected events in the financial periods of each company. The data collected for each company is displayed in the following table: Date Coke Pepsi Date Coke Pepsi 5/1/2007 50.32 59.25 11/2/2009 45.32 57.67 6/1/2007 45.72 56.54 12/1/2009 51.71 56.75 7/2/2007 47.36